Salon Fundamentals
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Question 1 of 100
What term is used to describe how energy contained in food is measured?
Protein content
Fat content
Calories
Degrees
Question 2 of 100
What is the name of the science that looks at how you do your work and what body movements, tools and equipment benefit you and your client's health and comfort.
Personal hygiene
Public hygiene
Ergonomics
Economics
Question 3 of 100
All of the following recommendations can help prevent neck and back strain EXCEPT:
Working with the back straight
Reaching overhead for supplies
Using free-standing shampoo bowls
Adjusting the height of the client's chair
Question 4 of 100
A communicable disease refers to a disease that is easily:
Vaccinated
Immunized
Not spread from one person to another
Spread from one person to another
Question 5 of 100
Which of the following is NOT a type of bacteria?
Bacilli
Spirilla
Parasite
Streptococci
Question 6 of 100
The ability to destroy infectious agents that enter the body is:
Immunity
Infection control
Superiority
Acquired immunodeficiency
Question 7 of 100
Spreading infection in a salon can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT:
Unclean hands and implements
Coughing or sneezing
Open sores
Clean hands and implements
Question 8 of 100
The process referred to as "double-bagging" is performed when a(n):
Blood spill occurs
MSDS is consulted
Calibration occurs
Antiseptic is used
Question 9 of 100
All of the following are steps to be followed if a victim is chocking EXCEPT:
Determine if victim can speak
Lay victim on his/her back
Wrap arms around chest
Perform abdominal thrust
Question 10 of 100
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the:
Origin to insertion
Insertion to origin
Belly to insertion
Insertion to belly
Question 11 of 100
What system is composed to sensory and motor nerves that extend from the spinal cord and brain to other parts of the body?
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Zygomatic nervous system
Cerebrum
Question 12 of 100
The cranial nerve responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain is the:
Trifacial
Facial
Radial
Ulnar
Question 13 of 100
Material that the best transports electricity is called a(n):
Insulator
Conductor
Prism
Watt
Question 14 of 100
An Underwriters Laboratory (UL) designation indicates:
The appliance has been certified to operate safely under the conditions specified
It is free from all mechanical defects
The manufacturer's warranty is doubled
It operates with less power the specified on the label
Question 15 of 100
Fires in electrical circuits can occur if:
The circuit is open
There is a closed path, called a circuit
The circuit breaker is manually turned to the off position
Too many appliances use the same wall socket and overload the circuit
Question 16 of 100
When performing an electrotherapy procedure, what conductor is used to bring the current from the appliance to the client's skin?
Resistor
Wall plate
Electrode
Question 17 of 100
The average distance you should place an infrared lamp during a facial is about:
10"
18"
24"
30"
Question 18 of 100
Which bond is very weak individually and can be broken by heat or water, but makes up about 35% of the hair's strength because of the large numbers?
Van der Waal's
Disulfide
Peptide
Hydrogen
Question 19 of 100
The pH measurement scale indicates whether a substance is:
A liquid, solid or gas
Organic or inorganic
Young or old
Acidic, neutral or alkaline
Question 20 of 100
What is usually the first ingredient listed on the most shampoos?
Oxygen
Water
Protein
Question 21 of 100
A soft perm curl loosens the texture of tightly curled hair by:
Using a thioglycolate-based product
Following a thioglycolic relaxer with a sodium hydroxide relaxer
Using a high volume developer
Using a low volume developer
Question 22 of 100
Which of the following color categories uses a low volume peroxide to develop the color molecules?
Long lasting semi-permanent
Permanent
Semi-permanent
Temporary
Question 23 of 100
Worker's Compensation Insurance is needed to protect the:
Salon
Customers
Inventory
Employee
Question 24 of 100
Who must apply for a state sales tax permit before collecting taxes on products or services sold?
Customer
Lawyer
Salon owner
Question 25 of 100
It is wise to keep all records of your daily sales and services for how long?
2 to 4 years
5 to 7 years
10 to 12 years
14 to 16 years
Question 26 of 100
Which of these factors does NOT affect hair growth?
Frequent exercise
disease
Lack of vitamins
Medication
Question 27 of 100
People with lighter colored hair have melanin in the:
Cuticle only
Cortex only
Cuticle and cortex
Medulla only
Question 28 of 100
The degree of coarseness or fineness of the hair fiber is referred as:
Density
Porosity
Viscosity
Texture
Question 29 of 100
Normal dry hair is capable of being stretched to what fraction of its length?
One-tenth
One-fifth
One-half
Three-fourths
Question 30 of 100
What type of rinse is used after a color service to prevent the color from fading?
Creme
Color
Medicated
Acid-balanced
Question 31 of 100
Avoid giving a scalp massage prior to all of the following services EXCEPT:
Relaxing healthy hair
Coloring healthy hair
Perming healthy hair
Shampooing healthy hair
Question 32 of 100
A dominant, protruding forehead and chin with a small nose are characteristics of a:
Straight profile
Concave profile
Convex profile
Short profile
Question 33 of 100
Which of the following statements describes diagonal lines used in design?
Soften angular facial shapes
Are at a right angle to the horizon
Lead the eye to a focal area
Add weight or bulk when cut into a shape
Question 34 of 100
What is meant by unactivated texture?
A smooth texture
A rough texture
When the ends of the hair strands are showing
A wet look
Question 35 of 100
All of the following descriptions are true about the uniformly layered form EXCEPT:
Circular shape
Activated texture
Same length throughout
Rectangular or oval shape
Question 36 of 100
What part on a pair of shears controls the movable or action blade?
Finger grip
Thumb grip
Wrist action
Tension screw
Question 37 of 100
All of the following statement are true texturizing EXCEPT:
Reduces bulk
Increasing bulk
Creates visual texture
Involves cutting shorter lengths within the form
Question 38 of 100
Generally, medium texture hair should be texturized how far away from them scalp?
1/2"
1"
1 1/2"
2"
Question 39 of 100
When two oblongs alternate they create a(n):
"C"-shaped movement
"S"-shaped movement
Figure eight
"O"-shaped movement
Question 40 of 100
The base control used within a hairstyle affects the amount of closeness (flatness) in the hairstyle or the amount of lift which is also referred as:
Elevation
Size of the base
Volume
Bulk
Question 41 of 100
An on-base tool placement will result in the strongest base strength and:
The most volume
The longest curl
The smallest diameter
The prettiest texture
Question 42 of 100
What type of hair can be resistant to hair pressing?
Fine
Medium
Coarse, tightly curled
Thin
Question 43 of 100
All of the following factors are true when using a thermal iron on tinted, white or very fine hair EXCEPT:
A lower iron temperature I used
Highest iron temperature is used
Hot iron is closed lightly on a damp towel before curling
Iron is tested on hair prior to service to prevent scorching
Question 44 of 100
Flat pincurls are used to achieve:
Fullness
Fingerwaves
Closeness
Question 45 of 100
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Wigs made with human hair need to be cleaned more often than those made with synthetic fibers
A razor should not be used on synthetic wigs
You should not put a synthetic wig under a dryer
Coloring procedures are effective on synthetic wigs
Question 46 of 100
Hair additions are an appropriate choice for clients who want to add length, density, texture and/or:
Short hair
Cascade
Wiglet
Question 47 of 100
The chemical phase of perms involves all of the following EXCEPT:
Applying neutralizer
Applying perm solution
Wrapping hair around the perm tool
Rinsing the perm solution from the hair
Question 48 of 100
Water left in the end papers after rinsing the perm solution will:
Cause severe breakage
Create a longer-lasting curl
Give the hair more luster
Dilute the neutralizer and weaken the curl formation
Question 49 of 100
What item determines the size and shape of the new curl configuration?
Perm solution
Neutralizing solution
Hair color
Perm rod
Question 50 of 100
All of the following are true statements regarding infection control and safety procedures when performing a perm service EXCEPT:
May proceed with perm is abrasions are present
Avoid perming damaged hair that shows breakage
Protect client's clothing with proper draping
Never perm hair that has been treated with sodium hydroxide or no-lye relaxer
Question 51 of 100
Weak or limp curls can be caused by:
Underprocessing
Overprocessing
Using rods that are too small
Excessive rinsing
Question 52 of 100
What condition determines the processing time and proper relaxer strength to use?
The hair's texture, elasticity, porosity
Natural hair color
The length of the hair
Only the elasticity of the hair
Question 53 of 100
During a chemical relaxer application, the porosity of the hair affects the:
Amount of rinsing needed
Processing time
Tools used
Type of relaxer used
Question 54 of 100
Virgin thio relaxers may be applied after all of the following EXCEPT:
A light shampoo
Vigorous shampoo
An analysis of the hair and scalp
A strand test and an elasticity test
Question 55 of 100
What is the difference between a color level of 1 and a color level of 10?
Level 1 is lighter than level 10
Level 1 is darker than level 10
Level 1 contains more primary colors thank level 10
Level 1 contains more blue pigment than level 10
Question 56 of 100
Developers in demi-permanent colors contain:
Little or no ammonia
A 6% volume of peroxide
Enough ammonia to lighten the hair
Mostly ammonia
Question 57 of 100
A high volume of hydrogen peroxide:
Will create more pigment lift
Would be a 10 volume
Would be a 3% solution
Will lessen the amount of pigment lifted
Question 58 of 100
On-the-scale lighteners have a pH of:
2.5 to 3.5
4.0 to 5.5
6.5 to 7.5
About 9.0
Question 59 of 100
Overlapping lighteners during a retouch service can:
Ensure proper coverage
Result in uniform coverage
Result in breakage
Help speed up the procedure time
Question 60 of 100
If redness and swelling are found around the test area when performing a predisposition test, which of the following steps should NOT be taken?
Stop the service
Proceed with the service
Question 61 of 100
What term describes the deep pocket-like are that holds the root and matrix of the nail?
Nail groove
Mantle
Lunula
Onyx
Question 62 of 100
What term describes the whitened, half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail?
Matrix
Eponychium
Nail root
Question 63 of 100
The study of the structure and growth of nails is called:
Etiology
Neurology
Onychology
Onychosis
Question 64 of 100
The nail is made from hardened protein called:
Keratin
Glucose
Question 65 of 100
Damage to which portion of the nail could cause permanent distortions?
Perionychium
Matrix of nail bed
Free edge
Hyponychium
Question 66 of 100
Under normal conditions, growth of new nail plate takes approximately:
2 weeks
4 to 6 months
1 year
2 years
Question 67 of 100
Which of the following conditions does NOT indicate a decreasing rate of nail growth?
Aging
Winter
Summer
Poor nutrition
Question 68 of 100
What condition appears as rings containing tiny blisters, dark pink to reddish in color, and can be confused with eczema or contact dermatitis?
Paronychia
Tinea manus
Onychia
Onychoptosis
Question 69 of 100
Poor circulation can cause a disorder called:
Corrugations
Blue nails
Furrows
Question 70 of 100
Which of the following nail diseases is NOT caused by fungus?
Tinea pedis
Onychomycosis
Onychatrophia
Question 71 of 100
The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail groove causing ingrown nails is called:
Onychocryptosis
Onchogryposis
Onychauxis
Leuconychia
Question 72 of 100
What term refers to the thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrown of the nail?
Pterygium
Question 73 of 100
What sign can indicate serious problems in the nail bed or nail plate?
Hangnails
Discoloration
Onychophagy
Question 74 of 100
Nail service implements must be disinfected or discarded:
Once every hour
After every service
At closing time
On a weekly basis
Question 75 of 100
In which direction should a nail shaped to avoid splitting?
From top to bottom
From the bottom to the top
From the outer edge toward the center
From the center toward the outer edge
Question 76 of 100
A hot oil or creme manicure is helpful for all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
Dry, aging hands
ingrown toenails
Brittle nails
Ridged nails
Question 77 of 100
How often is a fill-in service for artificial nails required?
Every 2 weeks
Every 2 months
Every 6 months
Once a year
Question 78 of 100
Functions of the skin include regulation of body temperature and:
Reproduction
Protection
Digestion
Circulation
Question 79 of 100
Which system of the body is made up of the skin and its layers?
Excretory
Respiratory
Sensation
Integumentary
Question 80 of 100
Which is the technical name for the study of the skin, including its structure, functions, diseases, and treatments?
Anatomy
Pathology
Dermatology
Question 81 of 100
The outer protective layer of the skin is known as the:
Dermis
Adipose
Epidermis
Corium
Question 82 of 100
Which of the following skin layers does NOT contain blood vessels?
Cutis
Question 83 of 100
In which layer do the cells become irregularly shaped and have a spiny appearance?
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum spinosum
Question 84 of 100
The Stratum lucidum layer is found only on the:
Soles of the feet and palms of the hands
Tops of hands
Scalp
Elbows
Question 85 of 100
The sebaceous glands produce which of the following substances?
Perspiration
Melanin
Sebum (oil)
dandruff
Question 86 of 100
The sudoriferous glands perform all the following functions EXCEPT:
Produce oil
Help regulate body temperature
Excrete waste
Help to maintain the proper pH of the skin
Question 87 of 100
Most skin problems are caused by:
Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine glands
Sebaceous glands
Arrector pili muscles
Question 88 of 100
What tans the skin to help protect it from burning rays of the sun?
Sebum
The acid mantle
The subcutaneous layer
Question 89 of 100
Chronic is the term used to identify conditions that are:
Brief and severe
Frequent and habitual
Influenced by weather
Visible
Question 90 of 100
What is the technical term for the study of the cause of disease?
Question 91 of 100
An example of a subjective symptom would be:
Itching
Redness
Swelling
Discharge
Question 92 of 100
In seborrhea, the appearance of the skin is:
Dry and dull
Oily and shiny
Smooth and pink
Red and blotchy
Question 93 of 100
A massage can provide all of the following results EXCEPT:
Increase blood circulation to the skin
Stimulate glandular activity
Improve the texture of the skin
Weaken muscle tissue
Question 94 of 100
The gentle massage movement that often begins and ends a massage treatment is called:
Petrissage
Effleurage
Tapotement
Vibration
Question 95 of 100
Areas of the skin that are diseased, broken, bruised or scraped:
Should not be massaged
Require tapotement movements
Require vibration
Require petrissage movements
Question 96 of 100
Which assists in cleaning the skin and returning normal-to-dry skin to a normal pH?
Skin astringents
Oily skin masks
Dry skin masks
Toners or fresheners
Question 97 of 100
Which of the following is NOT an infection control and safety guideline for performing hair removal services?
Use wax over moles, warts, irritated or abraded scalp
Always test the temperature of heated wax before applying
Cleanse the skin prior to treatment
Use cold compresses, icepacks or aloe vera to smooth irritated skin
Question 98 of 100
What facial feature would accompany a heart-shaped face?
Narrow forehead
Narrow jawline
Wide jawline
Straight forehead
Question 99 of 100
What face shape is characterized by a narrow forehead and jaw area with predominant width in the cheekbone area?
Square
Round
Oval
Diamond
Question 100 of 100
To minimize wide-set eyes and make them appear closer, it is best to:
Shorten the outside eyebrow line on both sides
Make the eyebrow line straight
Extend the eyebrow line to the inside corner of the eye
Arch the ends of the eyebrow